Have you ever wondered what size nails to use for sheathing? If you’re planning on building a house or even just a small shed, it’s important to know what size nails are best for securing the sheathing to the frame. Using the wrong size nail can lead to structural issues down the line, so it’s important to get it right the first time.
So what size nail should you use for sheathing in your home reno project?
For sheathing applications, it’s essential to use nails that ensure a secure attachment while preventing material splitting. Typically, 8d (2 ½ inch) nails are used for 1/2″ to 5/8″ thick sheathing panels, while thicker panels of 3/4″ to 1 1/8″ generally require 10d (3 inch) nails. Always refer to local building codes and manufacturer recommendations to guarantee optimal performance and safety.
In my experience, one of the most common mistakes people make when sheathing a building is using nails that are too short. While it may be tempting to use shorter nails because they’re easier to work with, they simply won’t hold up over time. The general rule of thumb is to use nails that are at least 1 1/2 inches long for 1/2-inch sheathing, and 2 inches long for 3/4-inch sheathing. But there’s more to it than just length.
Understanding Sheathing
If you’re planning on building a new home or renovating an existing one, you’ll need to understand sheathing. Sheathing is the layer of material that covers the structural framing of your walls, floors, and roof. It provides a flat surface for exterior siding, roofing, and interior finishes.
When it comes to sheathing materials, you have a few options to choose from. The most common types of sheathing are oriented strand board (OSB) and plywood. OSB is made from wood chips that are compressed and glued together, while plywood is made from thin layers of wood veneer that are glued together in a cross-grain pattern.
In my experience, OSB is generally less expensive than plywood and is a popular choice for roof sheathing and wall sheathing. It’s also commonly used as roof decking, underlayment, and for roofing sheets. Plywood, on the other hand, is a better choice for structural panels and is often used in areas with high wind or seismic activity.
When choosing the right size nails for sheathing, it’s important to consider the thickness of the sheathing material. The most common nail size for sheathing is 8d, which is a 2.5-inch nail. However, if you’re using thicker sheathing material, such as 1-inch thick OSB or plywood, you’ll need to use a longer nail.
It’s also important to choose the right type of nail for your sheathing. Common nails are the most basic type of nail and are suitable for most sheathing applications. However, if you’re using OSB or plywood in an area with high wind or seismic activity, it’s recommended to use ring shank nails. These nails have ridges on the shaft that provide extra holding power and help prevent the sheathing from pulling away from the framing.
Understanding sheathing is an important part of any construction project. Choose the right sheathing material for your needs, and make sure to use the appropriate size and type of nail for your sheathing thickness and application.
Nail Size for Sheathing
When it comes to sheathing, choosing the right nail size is crucial for ensuring a strong and secure structure. Using the wrong size can lead to weak joints, splitting, and even structural failure. In this section, we’ll cover everything you need to know about nail size for sheathing.
What Nail Size Should You Use for Sheathing?
The most common nail size for sheathing is 8d, which is 2.5 inches long and 0.131 inches in diameter. This size provides a good balance of strength and ease of use. However, depending on the thickness of the sheathing material, you may need to use a longer or shorter nail. For thicker sheathing, you may want to use a 10d or 12d nail, while thinner sheathing may require a 6d nail.
What Gauge Should You Use for Sheathing Nails?
In addition to length and diameter, nail gauge is also an important consideration for sheathing. The most common gauge for sheathing nails is 10 gauge, which provides a good balance of strength and ease of use. However, for thicker sheathing or higher wind loads, you may want to use a thicker gauge, such as 9 or 8 gauge.
What Type of Nail Should You Use for Sheathing?
When it comes to nail type, there are a few options to consider. Common nails are the most widely used type for sheathing, but ring-shank or screw-shank nails can provide better holding power. If you’re using pressure-treated lumber, you’ll want to use hot-dipped galvanized nails to prevent corrosion. Copper nails are also an option for use with cedar or redwood sheathing, as they are resistant to corrosion and won’t stain the wood.
What Length Should Roofing Nails Be for Sheathing?
If you’re using roofing nails for sheathing, you’ll want to use a length of at least 1.5 inches. However, it’s important to note that roofing nails are not recommended for structural sheathing, as they do not provide enough holding power.
In my experience, choosing the right nail size for sheathing can be a bit overwhelming, but with the right information, it’s easy to make the right choice. By considering the thickness of your sheathing material, the gauge of the nail, and the type of nail you’re using, you can ensure a strong and secure structure that will stand the test of time.
Nails vs Screws for Sheathing
When it comes to sheathing, choosing between nails and screws can be a tough decision. Both have their advantages and disadvantages, but which one is the best for your specific project? In this section, we’ll take a closer look at nails vs screws for sheathing, and help you make an informed decision.
Nails for Sheathing
Nails have been used for sheathing for decades, and for good reason. They’re affordable, easy to find, and can be quickly installed with a hammer. However, not all nails are created equal. The size and type of nail you choose can have a significant impact on the overall strength of your sheathing.
For most sheathing applications, we recommend using ring-shank nails. These nails have a series of rings around the shank, which provide extra grip and holding power. The most common size for sheathing nails is 8d, which is 2 1/2 inches long and has a 0.131-inch diameter. These nails are strong enough to hold the sheathing in place, but not so long that they’ll penetrate through the other side.
In my experience, using nails for sheathing is a great choice if you’re on a budget or need to get the job done quickly. However, if you’re looking for something that’s a bit more durable, screws may be a better option.
Screws for Sheathing
Screws are another popular choice for sheathing, and for good reason. They offer superior holding power and are less likely to work their way loose over time. Additionally, screws are less likely to split the wood, which can be a concern with nails.
When it comes to screws for sheathing, we recommend using wood screws or deck screws. These screws are specifically designed for use with wood, and have a coarse thread that provides excellent grip. The most common size for sheathing screws is #8, which is 2 1/2 inches long and has a 0.164-inch diameter.
One thing to keep in mind when using screws for sheathing is that they can be more expensive than nails. Additionally, they require a power drill or screw gun for installation, which can add to the overall cost of the project.
Both nails and screws have their advantages and disadvantages when it comes to sheathing. Nails are affordable and easy to install, but may not be as durable as screws. Screws offer superior holding power and are less likely to work their way loose over time, but can be more expensive and require special tools for installation.
When choosing between nails and screws for sheathing, it’s important to consider your budget, the specific needs of your project, and the overall durability you’re looking for. By taking these factors into account, you can make an informed decision and ensure that your sheathing is strong and secure.
Building Code Requirements
Are you planning to install sheathing for your building project? Then, you must know the building code requirements for the size of nails to be used. Building codes are sets of regulations that are designed to ensure the safety and sustainability of buildings.
The International Building Code (IBC) and the International Residential Code (IRC) are two widely recognized codes that provide minimum standards for construction. Local building departments may adopt these codes or modify them to suit their specific needs.
When it comes to sheathing, the code requirements dictate the size and spacing of the nails to be used. The size of the nails is determined by the thickness of the sheathing material. The table below shows the minimum nail size requirements for sheathing based on the thickness of the material.
| Sheathing Thickness | Minimum Nail Size |
|---|---|
| 5/16″ to 1/2″ | 6d |
| 5/8″ to 3/4″ | 8d |
| 1″ to 1-1/8″ | 10d |
It is essential to follow these requirements to ensure the structural integrity of the building. Using nails that are too small or spaced too far apart can result in the sheathing pulling away from the framing, compromising the strength of the structure.
In my experience, failing to meet the building code requirements can lead to costly repairs and even safety hazards. Therefore, it is crucial to consult with your local building department to ensure that you are following the correct code requirements for your project.
Remember, building codes are in place to protect you and your investment. So, make sure to follow the requirements for the size of nails for sheathing to ensure a safe and sturdy building.
Roofing Nails and Their Types
When it comes to sheathing a roof, choosing the right nails is crucial. Using the wrong size or type of nail can lead to a weak and unstable roof. In this section, we’ll take a look at the different types of roofing nails, including roofing cap nails and gasket roofing nails, and their sizes to help you choose the right ones for your project.
The Different Types of Roofing Nails
Roofing nails come in a variety of types, each with its specific use. Here are the most common types of roofing nails:
- Galvanized Roofing Nails: These are steel nails that are zinc-coated, making them more resistant to rust. They are suitable for use with asphalt shingles and other roofing materials.
- Roofing Cap Nails: These nails have a large head and are used to secure roofing caps or ridge vents to the roof.
- Gasket Roofing Nails: These nails have a rubber or plastic washer on the head that creates a seal between the nail and the roofing material, preventing water from seeping through.
Nail Sizes
Another factor to consider when choosing roofing nails is their size. The most common sizes for roofing nails are between 1 and 2 inches (2 and 5 centimeters). However, longer nails up to 6 inches (15 centimeters) are also available.
In general, the size of the nail should be based on the thickness of the sheathing material. For example, if you’re using 1/2-inch plywood sheathing, you’ll need 1 1/4-inch nails. If you’re using 5/8-inch sheathing, you’ll need 1 1/2-inch nails.
Choosing the Right Nails for Your Project
In my experience, it’s always best to consult with a professional or refer to the manufacturer’s recommendations when choosing the right nails for your project. Using the wrong size or type of nail can lead to a weak and unstable roof, which can be dangerous and costly to repair.
When selecting roofing nails, consider the following factors:
- The type of roofing material you’re using
- The thickness of the sheathing material
- The pitch of the roof
- The local weather conditions
By taking these factors into account and choosing the right nails for your project, you can ensure that your roof is strong, stable, and built to last.
In conclusion, choosing the right roofing nails is critical when sheathing a roof. By understanding the different types of nails and their sizes, you can select the right ones for your project and ensure that your roof is strong and stable.
What Size Nails for Sheathing: Manufacturer Recommendations
If you’re planning to sheath your walls, you’ll need to know the right size nails to use. While it may be tempting to use whatever nails you have lying around, it’s important to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations to ensure your sheathing is secure and safe. In this section, we’ll explore the manufacturer recommendations for nail size when sheathing your walls.
Use the Right Size Nails for Your Sheathing
Using the right size nails is crucial when sheathing your walls. The size of the nail you use will depend on the thickness of the sheathing material. For example, if you’re using 1/2-inch sheathing, you’ll need to use 8d nails that are at least 2 1/2 inches long. If you’re using 5/8-inch sheathing, you’ll need to use 10d nails that are at least 3 inches long.
Follow the Manufacturer Recommendations
When it comes to nail size for sheathing, it’s important to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations. The manufacturer will provide specific guidelines on the size and length of nails to use for their sheathing product. These recommendations are based on extensive testing and research to ensure the safety and integrity of the sheathing.
In My Experience
In my experience, following the manufacturer recommendations for nail size when sheathing is crucial. I once tried to use smaller nails than recommended and ended up with a wall that wasn’t secure. Not only did I have to redo the work, but it also cost me valuable time and money. Don’t make the same mistake I did – always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for nail size when sheathing.
Remember, using the right size nails is crucial when sheathing your walls. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations to ensure your sheathing is secure and safe.
Fastening Schedule and Techniques
When it comes to sheathing, one of the most important factors to consider is the fastening schedule. This schedule outlines the size and type of nails needed to securely fasten the panels to the framing. Using the wrong size or type of nail can result in a weak and unstable structure, which can be dangerous.
In my experience, the most common fastening schedule for wood structural panels, subfloor, roof, and interior wall sheathing to framing is outlined in Table R602.3(1) of the California Building Code. This table specifies that 6d common or deformed nails measuring 2″ × 0.113″ x 0.266″ head or 2 3/8″ × 0.113″ x 0.266″ head nails should be used for subfloor and wall sheathing. For exterior wall sheathing to wall framing, Table R602.3(3) specifies wood structural panel fastening.
It’s important to note that the fastening schedule may vary depending on the type of panel being used. For example, particleboard wall sheathing to framing requires 6d common or deformed nails measuring 2″ × 0.113″ x 0.266″ head, while wood structural panel exterior wall sheathing to wall framing requires 8d common or deformed nails measuring 2 1/2″ × 0.131″ x 0.281″ head.
When it comes to panel fastening, it’s important to use the correct spacing and pattern. This ensures that the panels are securely fastened and can withstand the loads they are designed to bear. The spacing and pattern will depend on the size and type of panel being used, as well as the intended use of the structure.
For roof panel fastening, the spacing and pattern will also depend on the type of roof being installed. For example, a low-slope roof will require a different spacing and pattern than a steep-slope roof. It’s important to consult the manufacturer’s instructions and local building codes to ensure that the correct spacing and pattern are used.
The fastening schedule and techniques for sheathing are crucial to the safety and stability of a structure. By using the correct size and type of nails, as well as the correct spacing and pattern, you can ensure that your sheathing is securely fastened and can withstand the loads it is designed to bear. Be sure to consult the manufacturer’s instructions and local building codes to ensure that you are using the correct fastening schedule and techniques for your specific project.
Considerations for High-Wind Areas
If you live in a high-wind area, you know how important it is to have a sturdy and reliable roof over your head. But did you know that the size of the nails used in your sheathing can play a big role in protecting your home from wind damage? Here are some things to consider when choosing the right size nails for your sheathing in high-wind areas.
Wind Loads
First and foremost, you need to consider the wind loads that your home will be subjected to. The wind loads in a high-wind area can be significantly higher than in other areas, and this can put a lot of stress on your roof and sheathing. You need to choose nails that are strong enough to withstand these loads and keep your roof securely in place.
Nail Size
When it comes to choosing the right size nails for your sheathing, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, you need to make sure that the nails are long enough to penetrate through the sheathing and into the underlying framing. This will help ensure that the sheathing stays securely in place during high winds.
In addition, you should consider the diameter of the nails. Thicker nails will be stronger and more resistant to bending or breaking under high wind loads. However, thicker nails may also be more difficult to drive into the sheathing, so you need to find a balance between strength and ease of installation.
Nail Spacing
Finally, you need to consider the spacing of the nails. In high-wind areas, it’s important to use a closer nail spacing than you would in other areas. This will help distribute the wind loads more evenly across the sheathing and framing, reducing the risk of damage or failure.
In my experience, using 8d or 10d nails spaced no more than 6 inches apart is a good rule of thumb for high-wind areas. This will provide the strength and stability your roof needs to withstand even the strongest winds.
By taking these considerations into account, you can choose the right size nails for your sheathing and help protect your home from wind damage. Remember to consult with a professional if you have any questions or concerns about your specific situation.
What Size Nails for Sheathing: Moisture Conditions and Sheathing
Moisture is one of the biggest enemies of any building material, and sheathing is no exception. If you want to ensure that your sheathing lasts as long as possible, you need to take moisture conditions into account. In this section, we’ll discuss how moisture affects sheathing and what you can do to protect it.
Moisture and Sheathing
Moisture can cause all sorts of problems for sheathing. When sheathing gets wet, it can warp, swell, and even rot. This can weaken the structure of your building and lead to water damage inside. Moisture can also cause mold and mildew to grow, which can be harmful to your health.
To prevent moisture from damaging your sheathing, you need to make sure that it’s properly ventilated. This means that air needs to be able to flow freely through your roof and walls. If your roof or walls are poorly ventilated, moisture can get trapped inside and cause problems.
Roof Ventilation
Roof ventilation is essential for preventing moisture from damaging your sheathing. Without proper ventilation, moisture can get trapped inside your roof and cause all sorts of problems. This is especially true in hot and humid climates where moisture can build up quickly.
To ensure that your roof is properly ventilated, you need to make sure that there is enough space for air to flow freely through your roof. This can be done by installing vents in your roof or by using a ridge vent. You should also make sure that your attic is properly insulated to prevent heat from building up inside.
Water Damage
Water damage is one of the biggest risks to your sheathing. If water gets inside your walls or roof, it can cause all sorts of problems. This is why it’s important to make sure that your roof and walls are properly sealed.
To prevent water damage, you should make sure that your roof is properly flashed. This means that there is a barrier between your roof and any other materials that might allow water to seep in. You should also make sure that your walls are properly sealed to prevent water from getting inside.
What You Can Do
In my experience, one of the best things you can do to protect your sheathing is to use the right size nails. If you use nails that are too small, they won’t be able to hold your sheathing in place properly. If you use nails that are too big, they can split your sheathing and weaken it.
The most common size nails for sheathing are 8d and 10d nails. 8d nails are 2.5 inches long, while 10d nails are 3 inches long. The size of nail you use will depend on the thickness of your sheathing and the spacing of your studs.
In addition to using the right size nails, you should also make sure that your sheathing is properly sealed and ventilated. This will help to prevent moisture from damaging your sheathing and keep your building in good condition for years to come.
Moisture conditions can have a significant impact on the longevity of your sheathing. By properly ventilating your roof, preventing water damage, and using the right size nails, you can protect your sheathing and ensure that your building stays in good condition for years to come.
Safety Measures While Sheathing
When it comes to sheathing your roof, safety should always be your top priority. One of the most important safety measures you can take is wearing skid-resistant shoes. These shoes provide better traction and can help prevent slips and falls, especially when working on a sloped roof.
In my experience, it’s also important to be aware of any exposed nails while sheathing. These nails can cause serious injuries if stepped on or accidentally bumped into. To avoid this, make sure to hammer in any exposed nails or use a nail gun to secure them properly.
Another important safety measure is to make sure you’re using the right size nails for sheathing. Using the wrong size nails can cause the sheathing to come loose, which can be dangerous if you’re walking on the roof. It’s recommended to use nails that are at least 2 ½ inches long for sheathing.
When sheathing your roof, it’s also important to take your time and work carefully. Rushing can lead to mistakes and accidents. Make sure to plan out your work, and take breaks when needed to avoid fatigue.
Overall, safety should always be your top priority when working on your roof. By wearing skid-resistant shoes, being aware of exposed nails, using the right size nails, and working carefully, you can help prevent accidents and injuries while sheathing your roof.
What Size Nails for Sheathing: Roof Sheathing Thickness and Other Factors
When it comes to choosing the right size nails for roof sheathing, there are several factors to consider. One of the most important factors is the thickness of the roof sheathing itself. The thickness of the sheathing will determine the length of the nails that should be used.
In addition to thickness, there are other factors that can impact the type and size of nails that should be used for roof sheathing. These factors include the edges of the panels, the corners of the roof, the trusses and roof framing, the studs, and the nailing surface.
When it comes to the edges of the panels, it is important to use nails that are long enough to penetrate the sheathing and the framing beneath it. This will help to ensure that the panels are securely fastened to the roof. Similarly, when it comes to the corners of the roof, it is important to use nails that are long enough to penetrate both panels at the corner and the framing beneath them.
When it comes to the trusses and roof framing, it is important to use nails that are long enough to penetrate both the sheathing and the framing. This will help to ensure that the roof is securely fastened to the framing and will not shift or move over time.
Finally, when it comes to the nailing surface, it is important to use nails that are long enough to penetrate the sheathing and the framing beneath it. This will help to ensure that the sheathing is securely fastened to the framing and will not shift or move over time.
In my experience, it is important to take all of these factors into account when choosing the right size nails for roof sheathing. By doing so, you can help to ensure that your roof is securely fastened and will provide reliable protection for years to come.
Underlayment Options and Installation
If you’re in the process of installing a new roof, you’ll need to consider the type of underlayment you want to use. Underlayment is a crucial component of any roofing system, as it provides an extra layer of protection against the elements. In this section, we’ll explore some of the most popular underlayment options and how to install them properly.
Shingle Underlayment Felt
Shingle underlayment felt is a popular choice for many roofers. It’s made from a combination of asphalt and felt, and it’s designed to be a barrier against moisture and wind. Shingle underlayment felt is typically installed in two layers, with the first layer being nailed down and the second layer being glued down.
Main Points:
- Shingle underlayment felt is made from asphalt and felt.
- It’s designed to protect against moisture and wind.
- It’s typically installed in two layers.
Plastic Caps and Washers for Roof Underlayment
Plastic caps and washers are another option for underlayment installation. They are designed to be used with roofing nails to secure the underlayment to the roof deck. The caps and washers create a watertight seal that helps prevent water from penetrating the roof.
Main Points:
- Plastic caps and washers are used with roofing nails.
- They create a watertight seal.
- They help prevent water from penetrating the roof.
Textured Shingles
Textured shingles are a type of roofing material that has a rough surface. They are designed to provide extra grip for people walking on the roof, which can be especially important in areas with high winds or heavy rain. Textured shingles can also help prevent ice dams from forming on the roof.
Main Points:
- Textured shingles have a rough surface.
- They provide extra grip for people walking on the roof.
- They can help prevent ice dams from forming.
Roof Shingle Installation
When it comes to installing shingles, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, it’s important to make sure that the sheathing is in good condition and that any damaged areas have been repaired. Next, you’ll need to install the underlayment, making sure to overlap the seams by at least six inches. Finally, you can begin installing the shingles, starting at the bottom of the roof and working your way up.
Main Points:
- Check the sheathing for damage.
- Install the underlayment, overlapping the seams by at least six inches.
- Start installing the shingles at the bottom of the roof and work your way up.
In my experience, taking the time to properly install underlayment is crucial for the longevity and durability of your roof. By following these guidelines and using high-quality materials, you can ensure that your roof will provide reliable protection for years to come.
What Size Nails for Sheathing: Roofing Materials
You’ve finally decided to replace your old roof with a new one. But with so many roofing materials available, it’s hard to know which one to choose. In this section, we’ll take a closer look at the most popular roofing materials and help you make an informed decision.
Metal Roofs: The Durable and Lightweight Option
Metal roofs are a popular choice among homeowners for their durability, longevity, and energy efficiency. They come in a variety of styles, such as standing seam, corrugated, and metal shingles. The thickness of the metal roofing material can vary, but typically, it ranges from 22 to 29 gauge.
When it comes to nails, you’ll want to use ring-shank nails that are at least 1 1/2 inches long. These nails have a textured surface that helps them grip the metal better, preventing them from backing out over time.
Asphalt Shingles: The Most Common Roofing Material
Asphalt shingles are the most common roofing material in the United States, thanks to their affordability and ease of installation. They come in a variety of styles and colors, from traditional 3-tab shingles to architectural shingles that mimic the look of wood or slate.
When installing asphalt shingles, you’ll want to use roofing nails that are at least 1 1/4 inches long. These nails should have a large head, so they don’t pull through the shingle. You’ll also want to use a nail gun or hammer to ensure the nails are driven in straight and flush with the shingle.
Fiberglass Shingles: The Lightweight and Fire-Resistant Option
Fiberglass shingles are a popular alternative to asphalt shingles, thanks to their lightweight design and fire-resistant properties. They are made from a base layer of fiberglass mat that is coated with asphalt and mineral granules.
When installing fiberglass shingles, you’ll want to use roofing nails that are at least 1 1/4 inches long. These nails should have a large head, so they don’t pull through the shingle. You’ll also want to use a nail gun or hammer to ensure the nails are driven in straight and flush with the shingle.
Roofing Sheets: The Versatile and Durable Option
Roofing sheets are a popular choice for commercial buildings and agricultural structures, thanks to their versatility and durability. They come in a variety of materials, such as metal, fiberglass, and polycarbonate.
When installing roofing sheets, you’ll want to use screws that are at least 1 1/2 inches long. These screws should have a large washer head that helps prevent leaks. You’ll also want to use a drill with a metal-cutting bit to ensure the screws are driven in straight and flush with the sheet.
In my experience, choosing the right roofing material and nail size is crucial for a long-lasting and durable roof. By following these guidelines, you can ensure your new roof will withstand the elements and look great for years to come.
The Importance of Research: What Size Nails for Sheathing?
As a builder, you know that the right size nails for sheathing are crucial to the structural integrity of a building. But with so many options available, how do you know which size to choose? That’s where research comes in.
Research is critical when it comes to selecting the right size nails for sheathing. By conducting thorough research, you can ensure that you’re using the right size nails for the job. This not only ensures the safety of the building but also saves you time and money in the long run.
In my experience, I’ve found that many builders don’t conduct enough research when it comes to selecting the right size nails for sheathing. They may rely on their past experience or what they’ve heard from others, but this can be risky. Each project is unique, and what worked in the past may not work for the current project.
To conduct proper research, start by reading articles and guides on the topic. Look for information from reputable sources such as industry associations or manufacturers. This will give you a solid foundation of knowledge to work from.
Once you have a basic understanding of the topic, it’s time to dive deeper. Consider factors such as the type of sheathing material, the thickness of the sheathing, and the load requirements for the building. This will help you determine the appropriate nail size for the job.
Don’t be afraid to ask for help if you need it. Talk to other builders or consult with a structural engineer if necessary. It’s better to take the time to get it right than to risk a costly mistake.
Conducting thorough research is essential when it comes to selecting the right size nails for sheathing. By doing so, you can ensure the safety and structural integrity of the building while saving time and money. Don’t rely on past experience or hearsay – take the time to do your research and make an informed decision.
